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Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study

Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 688-698 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0559-3

Abstract: The WATAP (Water conservation Technology Adoption Processes) model is developed in order to capture thewater conservation technology adoption process under different price scenarios with disaggregate watermodel may potentially be a helpful tool to provide insights for policy makers on water conservation technology

Keywords： technology selection model optimization water price scenario analysis consumer behavior

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A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

Frontiers in Energy 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 325-338 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0618-y

Abstract: The crucial and expensive component involved in it is the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and its degradation

Keywords： PEM fuel cell gas diffusion electrode(GDE) gas diffusion layer(GDL) membrane electrode assembly durability

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Coupled diffusion of chloride and other ions in saturated concrete

Nattapong DAMRONGWIRIYANUPAP, Linyuan LI, Yunping XI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 267-277 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0112-z

Abstract: The diffusion of chloride ions is associated and strongly affected by other ions in the pore solutionstructures was mathematically characterized by the Nernst-Planck equation which considered not only diffusionThe material models of chloride binding capacity and chloride diffusion coefficient were incorporated

Keywords： diffusion chloride concrete Nernst-Planck equation durability

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Literature review on renewable energy development and China’s roadmap

Dequn ZHOU, Hao DING, Qunwei WANG, Bin SU

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 212-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0146-9

Abstract: The low carbon energy transition has attracted worldwide attention to mitigate climate change. Renewable energy (RE) is the key to this transition, with significant developments to date, especially in China. This study systematically reviews the literature on RE development to identify a general context from many studies. The goal is to clarify key questions related to RE development from the current academic community. We first identify the forces driving RE development. Thereafter, we analyze methods for modeling RE developments considering the systematic and multiple complexity characteristics of RE. The study concludes with insights into the target selection and RE development roadmap in China.

Keywords： renewable energy energy transition technology innovation technology diffusion development preference

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Experimental study of humid air reverse diffusion combustion in a turbulent flow field

GE Bing, ZANG Shusheng, GU Xin

Frontiers in Energy 2007, Volume 1, Issue 4, Pages 428-434 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0062-6

Abstract: Experiments were performed to investigate the differences between the propane/air turbulent diffusionreactive flows past bluff-body and the propane/humid air turbulent diffusion reactive flows in the same

Keywords： propane/humid propane/air turbulent bluff-body turbulent diffusion

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Preparation of a Pb loaded gas diffusion electrode and its application to CO

Ang LI, Hua WANG, Jinyu HAN, Li LIU

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 381-388 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1216-2

Abstract: A Pb loaded gas diffusion electrode was fabricated and used for the electroreduction of CO to formicThe preparation conditions of the gas diffusion electrode were optimized by adjusting the amounts ofpolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the gas diffusion layer and acetylene black in the catalytic layer.The electrochemical performance of the as-prepared gas diffusion electrode was studied by chronoamperometryThe optimized gas diffusion electrode showed good catalytic performance for the electroreduction of CO

Keywords： electroreduction carbon dioxide lead catalyst gas diffusion electrode formic acid

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evaluation of renal function using diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in type 2

Xiaoyan Chen,Wenxia Xiao,Xinchun Li,Jianxun He,Xiaochun Huang,Yuyu Tan

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 471-476 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0365-8

Abstract:

This work aims to estimate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imagingDWI and DTI scans were performed on bilateral kidney using SE single-shot EPI, and apparent diffusion

Keywords： type 2 diabetes mellitus microalbuminuria diffusion weighted imaging diffusion tensor imaging early-stage

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Magnetohydrodynamic slip flow and diffusion of a reactive solute past a permeable flat plate with suction

Krishnendu BHATTACHARYYA, G. C. LAYEK

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 471-476 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1130-z

Abstract: The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer slip flow and solute transfer over a porous plate in the presence of a chemical reaction are investigated. The governing equations were transformed into self-similar ordinary differential equations by adopting the similarity transformation technique. Then the numerical solutions are obtained by a shooting technique using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The study reveals that due to the increase in the boundary slip, the concentration decreases and the velocity increases. On the other hand, with an increase in the magnetic field and mass suction, both boundary layer thicknesses decreased. As the Schmidt number and the reaction rate parameter increases, the concentration decreases and the mass transfer increases.

Keywords： slip flow MHD boundary layer reactive solute diffusion flat plate suction/injection

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Molecular diffusion in ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 1003-1016 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2121-3

Abstract: The diffusion kinetics of a molecular probe—rhodamine B—in ternary aqueous solutions containing poly(We show that the diffusion characteristics of rhodamine B in such complex systems is determined by aThe presence of glycerol has no noticeable impact on rhodamine B diffusion at low concentration, butsignificantly slows down the diffusion of rhodamine B above 3.9% (w/v) due to a dominating steric inhibitionFurthermore, introducing surfactants (cationic/nonionic/anionic) to the system results in a decreased diffusion

Keywords： fluorescence correlation spectroscopy poly(vinyl alcohol) anomalous diffusion crowding effects dynamic

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Reaction kinetics and internal diffusion of Zhundong char gasification with CO

Yun Liu, Jiangyuan Qu, Xuehui Wu, Kai Zhang, Yuan Zhang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 373-383 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1949-2

Abstract: The effect of internal diffusion on char gasification with CO in the temperature range from 1123 K toThe results revealed that the effect of internal diffusion on the initial reaction rate was more significantThus, temperature zones corresponding to chemical reaction and diffusion control were identified.Moreover, the calculated effectiveness factor provided a quantitative estimation of internal diffusion

Keywords： coal char CO₂ gasification internal diffusion pore evolution

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Chloride diffusion in concrete with carbonated recycled coarse aggregates under biaxial compression

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 637-648 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0902-0

Abstract: In this study, the chloride ion diffusion and deformation properties of recycled concrete after carbonizationthe performance of the recycled aggregates and reduces their porosity, thereby reducing the chloride diffusion

Keywords： recycled concrete carbonated recycled coarse aggregate biaxial compression chloride diffusion stress

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Fuel variability effect on flickering frequency of diffusion flames

Jizhao LI, Yang ZHANG

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 134-140 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0034-9

Abstract: The intent of this study is to investigate the fuel variability on the flickering frequency of diffusion

Keywords： fuel variability flickering frequency diffusion flames dynamics of combustion

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Transient process of methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street establishment in a microchannel

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 988-999 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0755-y

Abstract: “Flame-street” is an interesting diffusion flame behavior in which a series of flame-segments is separatelyIn the present paper, the dynamic formation process of a methane-oxygen diffusion flame-street structureflame shape/type change from a tribrachial structure in its fast-propagating phase to a long, trailing diffusionMoreover, chemical insights for the premixed and diffusion branches of the leading flame were also provided

Keywords： micro-combustion flame-street diffusion flame mixing layer flame propagation speed

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Determination of the diffusion of poly(ethylene glycol) in polypropylene using ATR-FTIR

Hanjia CHEN, Xuhua SHI, Yafei ZHU, Yi ZHANG, Jiarui XU,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 336-341 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0230-5

Abstract: The diffusion of poly(ethy1ene glycol) (PEG) in polypropylene (PP) was investigated using attenuatedIt has been found that the diffusion of PEG in PP was greatly affected by the annealing temperature andHigher temperature was in favor of PEG to diffuse in PP with fast velocity and reached diffusion equilibrium

Keywords： diffusion polypropylene molecular diffusion equilibrium attenuated

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Entropy production analysis of swirling diffusion combustion processes

Deodat MAKHANLALL, Linhua LIU,

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 326-332 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0058-1

Abstract: A critical factor in the design of combustion systems for optimum fuel economy and emission performance lies in adequately predicting thermodynamic irreversibilities associated with transport and chemical processes. The objective of this study is to map these irreversibilities in terms of entropy production for methane combustion. The numerical solution of the combustion process is conducted with the help of a Fluent 6.1.22 computer code, and the volumetric entropy production rate due to chemical reaction, viscous dissipation, and mass and heat transfer are calculated as post-processed quantities with the computed data of the reaction rates, fluid velocity, temperature and radiative intensity. This paper shows that radiative heat transfer, which is an important source of entropy production, cannot be omitted for combustion systems. The study is extended by conducting a parametric investigation to include the effects of wall emissivity, optical thickness, swirl number, and Boltzmann number on entropy production. Global entropy production rates decrease with the increase in swirl velocity, wall emissivity and optical thickness. Introducing swirling air into the combustion system and operations with the appropriate Boltzmann number reduces the irreversibility affected regions and improves energy utilization efficiency.

Keywords： entropy-based design radiation transfer swirl magnussen combustion-model